Which type of map would be most useful for geographic planning in mining operations?

A graphic-relief map would be the most useful for geographic planning in mining operations because it provides a three-dimensional view of the terrain, showcasing the elevation and physical features of the land. This type of map allows planners to identify hills, valleys, and other landscape features that are crucial when determining the feasibility and safety of mining activities. A clear understanding of the topography helps in accessing resources, planning for transportation routes, and managing potential environmental impacts.

In contrast, a political map focuses on boundaries and areas governed by political entities, which is not relevant for the specific operational needs in mining. A climate map highlights climate zones and weather patterns, but this information does not directly assist in identifying optimal locations for mining activities. Historical maps provide insight into past landscapes and settlement patterns but lack the current topographical details needed for effective planning in an active mining context.