Which principle of the Constitution proposes that government derives its power from the consent of the governed?

The principle that proposes government derives its power from the consent of the governed is known as popular sovereignty. This concept is foundational to the philosophy of democracy and asserts that authority is created and sustained by the will of the people, through their elected representatives. It emphasizes that the legitimacy of government is contingent upon the agreement and support of the citizens.

This principle is embedded in the preamble of the Constitution, which begins with "We the People," signaling that the government is established for the benefit of the citizens and that its powers are granted through their collective consent. Popular sovereignty is crucial in fostering a government that is responsive to the needs and rights of its populace, reinforcing the idea that leaders are accountable to those they govern.

In contrast, checks and balances refer to the system that ensures no one branch of government becomes too powerful. Federalism involves the division of power between national and state governments. Judicial review, on the other hand, is the power of courts to assess whether a law is in accordance with the Constitution. While these concepts are integral to the functioning of the U.S. government, they do not specifically address the origin of governmental authority as popular sovereignty does.