Which issue primarily divided the states during the Constitutional Convention?

The division during the Constitutional Convention primarily revolved around the issue of proportional representation versus equal representation. This conflict emerged due to differing interests between states with large populations and those with smaller populations. The delegates from larger states advocated for a system of proportional representation, where representation in the legislature would be based on population size. This approach favored more populous states because it would provide them with greater influence in the legislative process.

In contrast, delegates from smaller states sought equal representation, where each state would have the same number of representatives regardless of population. Their argument was based on the principle of equality among states, which they believed was crucial for maintaining a balance of power. This disagreement was pivotal in shaping the structure of Congress and led to the Great Compromise, which established a bicameral legislature consisting of the House of Representatives (based on proportional representation) and the Senate (with equal representation for each state). Understanding this issue is crucial, as it highlights the underlying tensions and compromises that were necessary to create a functional and unified government.