How is tribal sovereignty defined in the United States?

Tribal sovereignty in the United States refers to the inherent authority of indigenous tribes to govern themselves. This concept recognizes that tribes are self-governing entities with their own laws, governance structures, and systems of order. Tribal sovereignty is essential because it acknowledges the tribes' unique political status and their rights to manage their internal affairs without external interference, particularly from state or federal governments.

This principle is grounded in treaties and historical agreements between tribes and the federal government, which established the tribes' rights to exist and function autonomously. The recognition of this sovereignty is a critical aspect of tribal governance, allowing tribes to develop legal systems, manage resources, enforce laws, and operate their jurisdictions in ways that reflect their cultural values and social structures.

Understanding tribal sovereignty is crucial for appreciating the complex relationship between indigenous tribes and federal or state governments, as it highlights the legal and political distinctions that exist within the United States' framework.